Guide to Types Of Asthma Inhalers
Learn about different types of asthma inhalers, how they work, and which might be right for you. Understand relievers, preventers, and combination inhalers for effective asthma management.
Navigating the world of asthma inhalers can feel confusing. With various colors, shapes, and names, it's easy to wonder what they all do. Whether you're newly diagnosed or supporting a loved one, understanding the types of asthma inhalers is the first step toward effective management. This guide will demystify the differences between relievers and preventers, explain the various devices like MDIs and DPIs, and offer practical advice on technique and choice. By the end, you'll feel confident in knowing how your inhaler works and why it's a crucial part of your asthma care plan.
Why Are There Different Types of Asthma Inhalers?
Asthma is a complex condition with two primary underlying issues in the airways: inflammation (swelling and irritation) and bronchoconstriction (tightening of the muscles around the airways). No single medication can address both issues in the same way at the same time. Therefore, different types of asthma inhalers are designed for specific purposes. Some provide quick relief during an asthma attack by instantly relaxing the airway muscles, while others work over time to reduce the underlying inflammation that causes asthma symptoms in the first place. Using the right type at the right time is key to controlling the condition.
The Two Main Categories: Reliever vs. Preventer Inhalers
Think of your asthma management like maintaining a car. You have tools for emergency breakdowns and a schedule for regular servicing. Reliever and preventer inhalers serve these same distinct roles.
Reliever Inhalers (Rescue Inhalers)
These are your emergency tools. A reliever inhaler is used during an asthma attack or when you feel symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. It works rapidly to provide relief.
- How Reliever Inhalers Work
They contain medications called bronchodilators that quickly relax the tightened muscles around your airways. This allows the airways to open up, making it easier to breathe within minutes.
- Common Reliever Medication: Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)
The most common medication in relievers is Salbutamol (e.g., Ventolin) or Terbutaline. These are known as Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs). Important note: If you find yourself using your reliever inhaler more than twice a week, it's a sign that your asthma is not under control. This is when you should consult a doctor online with Apollo24|7 to
review your asthma action plan.
Preventer Inhalers (Controller Inhalers)
These are for regular "servicing." A preventer inhaler is used daily, even when you feel well, to prevent symptoms and asthma attacks from occurring in the first place.
- How Preventer Inhalers Work
They contain low-dose corticosteroids that reduce swelling and inflammation in your airways. This makes your airways less sensitive to triggers like pollen, dust, or cold air. They work slowly over time and are not meant for immediate relief.
- Common Preventer Medications: Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
Common examples include Beclomethasone, Budesonide, and Fluticasone. These are often contained in brown, orange, or red inhalers to distinguish them from blue relievers.
Combination Inhalers: Two-in-One Treatment
For those with moderate to severe asthma, a doctor may prescribe a combination inhaler. These contain both an inhaled corticosteroid (preventer) and a long-acting bronchodilator (LABA). They are used daily to provide both maintenance prevention and prolonged bronchodilation. Examples include Symbicort (Budesonide/Formoterol) and Seretide (Fluticasone/Salmeterol).
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Understanding Asthma Inhaler Devices
The medication is only effective if it reaches your lungs. That's where the device comes in. Different devices work in
different ways, and the right choice often depends on a person's age, coordination, and breathing strength.
Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)
These are the most common type of device—a small, pressurized canister inside a plastic holder. When you press the
canister, it releases a precise mist of medication that you must inhale.
- How to Use an MDI Correctly?
Using an MDI requires good hand-lung coordination. A spacer is a plastic chamber that attaches to the inhaler. It holds the medication cloud so you can inhale it slowly and deeply, making it much more effective and easier to use, especially for children and adults who struggle with the technique.
Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)
Devices like Diskus, Turbuhaler, and Ellipta deliver medication as a fine powder instead of a spray. They are breath-activated, meaning you don't need to press and inhale simultaneously; a quick, deep breath from your mouth pulls the medication out.
- How to Use a DPI Correctly?
DPIs require a strong, fast inhalation. They are not suitable for very young children or anyone who cannot take a sharp, deep breath. Exhaling into a DPI can clog the device, so you must always breathe out away from it.
Soft Mist Inhalers (SMIs)
A newer type of device, like the Respimat, creates a slow-moving, soft mist that is easier to inhale than the aerosol from an MDI. The mist lasts longer, allowing more medication to reach the lungs without needing the same force of inhalation as a DPI.
How to Choose the Right Inhaler for You
Selecting the right asthma inhaler is not a one-size-fits-all decision. Your doctor will consider several factors:
- The severity of your asthma: Mild asthma may only require a reliever, while persistent asthma needs a daily preventer.
- Your age and coordination: Children and older adults often benefit from MDIs with spacers.
- Your ability to inhale: Those with weak breaths may struggle with DPIs.
- Lifestyle and convenience: Some prefer smaller, more discreet devices.
The best inhaler for asthma is the one that you can and will use correctly every time. A pulmonologist on Apollo24|7
can help assess your needs and prescribe the most suitable type and device.
Common Mistakes and How to Use Your Inhaler Properly
Studies show that up to 90% of people do not use their inhalers perfectly. Common errors include:
- Not shaking the MDI before use.
- Failing to exhale fully before inhaling the medication.
- Inhaling too quickly or too slowly.
- Not holding your breath for 5-10 seconds after inhalation.
- Forgetting to rinse your mouth after using a steroid-based preventer inhaler to prevent oral thrush.
- The single most important thing you can do is ask your doctor or a pharmacist to watch your technique and provide
feedback.
Side Effects of Asthma Inhalers: What to Expect
Because the medication is delivered directly to the lungs, side effects of asthma inhalers are generally minimal
compared to oral medications.
- Relievers (SABAs): Can cause temporary jitteriness, a fast heartbeat, or mild shaking.
- Preventers (ICS): Can cause a hoarse voice or oral thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth). This is why rinsing your
mouth after use is crucial. - These side effects are often a sign of incorrect technique. If you experience them persistently, discuss them with your
doctor.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of asthma inhalers empowers you to take an active role in managing your health.
Remember, your blue reliever is your emergency tool, while your daily preventer is your long-term shield against inflammation and attacks. The right device and perfect technique are what ensure these medications work effectively. Always follow your personalised asthma action plan and maintain regular check-ups with your healthcare provider. If you're unsure about your inhaler technique, your diagnosis, or if your symptoms are worsening, don't hesitate to book a physical visit to a doctor with Apollo24|7 for a comprehensive evaluation. With the right knowledge and tools, you can breathe easier and live a full, active life.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr Rikin Hasnani
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
14 Years • MBBS NTR University of Health Sciences MD NTR University of Health Sciences
Hyderguda
Apollo Hospitals Hyderguda, Hyderguda
Dr. Nikhil Modi
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
15 Years • MBBS, MD, FCCP, EDARM, IDCCM
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(225+ Patients)
Dr. Viny Kantroo
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
18 Years • DNB Resp. Diseases, MRCP, IDCCM, EDARM
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Dinesh Reddy
Respiratory Medicine/ Covid Consult
8 Years • MD
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Pravin Madhukar Tajane
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (Pul. Med.), IDCCM
Nashik
Apollo Hospitals Nashik, Nashik
Consult Top Specialists
Dr Rikin Hasnani
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
14 Years • MBBS NTR University of Health Sciences MD NTR University of Health Sciences
Hyderguda
Apollo Hospitals Hyderguda, Hyderguda
Dr. Nikhil Modi
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
15 Years • MBBS, MD, FCCP, EDARM, IDCCM
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(225+ Patients)
Dr. Viny Kantroo
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
18 Years • DNB Resp. Diseases, MRCP, IDCCM, EDARM
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Dinesh Reddy
Respiratory Medicine/ Covid Consult
8 Years • MD
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Pravin Madhukar Tajane
Pulmonology Respiratory Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (Pul. Med.), IDCCM
Nashik
Apollo Hospitals Nashik, Nashik
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Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the difference between a blue and brown asthma inhaler?
The blue inhaler is almost always a reliever (rescue) inhaler containing a medication like Salbutamol for immediate relief during an asthma attack. The brown inhaler is a preventer (controller) inhaler, usually containing a corticosteroid like Beclomethasone, which is used daily to reduce airway inflammation and prevent attacks.
2. Can I use my reliever inhaler every day?
Using your reliever inhaler daily is a sign that your asthma is not well-controlled. While it's safe for occasional use, daily reliance indicates that the underlying inflammation is not being managed. You should consult a doctor, as you likely need a daily preventer inhaler.
3. What is a spacer and do I need one?
A spacer is a plastic chamber that attaches to a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI). It holds the medication cloud after you puff the inhaler, allowing you to inhale it slowly and deeply into your lungs. It makes the MDI much more effective, reduces side effects, and is highly recommended for almost everyone, especially children.
4. How do I clean my asthma inhaler?
For MDIs: Remove the metal canister and rinse the plastic case (mouthpiece and cap) under warm running water once a week. Let it air-dry completely before reassembling. Do not wash the metal canister. For DPIs: Wipe the mouthpiece with a dry cloth. Never wash the inside of a DPI.
5. Are there natural alternatives to asthma inhalers?
While some lifestyle changes like avoiding triggers, breathing exercises, and maintaining a healthy weight can support asthma management, there is no natural alternative that can replace the life-saving function of reliever inhalers during an attack or the proven anti-inflammatory effect of preventer inhalers. Always follow your doctor's prescribed treatment plan.