Cervical Cancer Overview and Diagnostic Information

Cervical cancer is a serious but preventable and treatable disease that affects women worldwide. It develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The good news is that with early detection and proper care, cervical cancer can often be prevented or successfully treated.

In this article, we’ll discuss what cervical cancer is, its symptoms, causes, risk factors, and how it can be diagnosed. We’ll also share some tips on prevention and when to seek medical help.

What Is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Most cases are caused by a long-lasting infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While HPV infections are very common, only a few high-risk types lead to cervical cancer.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

In its early stages, cervical cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, women may experience:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause)

• Unusual vaginal discharge (watery, bloody, or foul-smelling)
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
• Painful urination or frequent urination
• If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor right away. Early detection improves treatment outcomes.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of cervical cancer is HPV infection, but other factors can increase the risk, including:

• Smoking – Weakens the immune system and makes it harder to fight HPV.
• Weakened immune system – Conditions like HIV or long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs.
• Multiple sexual partners – Increases exposure to HPV.
• Early sexual activity – Starting intercourse at a young age raises HPV risk.
• Long-term use of birth control pills – May slightly increase risk.
• Family history – Having a close relative with cervical cancer may raise your risk.

How Is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed?

Early detection is key to successful treatment. Doctors use several tests to diagnose cervical cancer:

1. Pap Smear (Pap Test) – A simple test where cells from the cervix are collected and checked for abnormalities.
2. HPV Test – Detects high-risk HPV strains that may lead to cancer.
3. Colposcopy – If abnormal cells are found, a doctor examines the cervix with a special magnifying device.
4. Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken from the cervix and tested for cancer.
5. Imaging Tests (MRI, CT scan, PET scan) – Used if cancer is confirmed to see if it has spread.

When Should You Get Screened?

Women aged 21–29: Pap test every 3 years.

• Women aged 30–65: Pap test + HPV test every 5 years (or Pap test alone every 3 years).
• Women over 65: May stop screening if previous tests were normal.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

You can reduce your risk of cervical cancer with these steps:

• Get Vaccinated – The HPV vaccine (Gardasil, Cervarix) protects against cancer-causing HPV strains. It’s recommended for girls and boys aged 9–26.
• Regular Screenings – Pap smears and HPV tests help detect precancerous changes early.
• Practice Safe Sex – Using condoms reduces HPV exposure.
• Quit Smoking – Smoking increases cervical cancer risk.
• Eat a Healthy Diet – A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants supports immunity.
• Maintain Good Hygiene – Proper genital hygiene helps prevent infections.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any unusual symptoms like abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or persistent discharge, consult a doctor immediately. Even if you feel fine, regular screenings are crucial for early detection.

Book a Consultation or Test with Apollo 24|7

Early detection saves lives. If you’re due for a Pap smear, HPV test, or cervical cancer screening, you can easily book an appointment through Apollo 24|7. Their expert doctors and advanced diagnostic services ensure you get the best care.
Call now or book online for a consultation.

Final Thoughts

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, and awareness is the first step toward protection. By getting vaccinated, attending regular screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can significantly reduce your risk. If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider.