Conjunctivitis Signs and Symptoms Explained
Know about the signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. Understand its types, causes, how it spreads, and when to seek medical treatment.
Introduction
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," is an eye condition that causes redness, irritation, and sometimes discharge. It can affect one or both eyes and is often uncomfortable but rarely serious. Understanding the signs and symptoms can help you identify it early and take the right steps for relief.
What Is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. It can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or irritants like smoke or chemicals.
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Common Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of conjunctivitis can vary depending on the cause, but here are the most common ones to watch for:
1. Redness in the Eye
The whites of the eyes appear pink or red due to inflammation.
Blood vessels become more visible, giving a "bloodshot" look.
2. Itchy or Burning Sensation
Allergic conjunctivitis often causes intense itching.
Viral or bacterial conjunctivitis may cause a burning or gritty feeling.
3. Watery or Thick Discharge
Viral conjunctivitis: Watery discharge (clear or slightly white).
Bacterial conjunctivitis: Thick, yellow or greenish discharge that can cause eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep.
Allergic conjunctivitis: Watery eyes with no thick discharge.
4. Swollen Eyelids
The eyelids may appear puffy or swollen, making it uncomfortable to blink.
5. Sensitivity to Light (Photophobia)
Bright lights may cause discomfort or pain in some cases.
6. Blurred Vision (Temporary)
Discharge or excessive tearing can cause slight blurriness, which usually clears after blinking or wiping the eyes.
Types of Conjunctivitis and Their Causes
1. Viral Conjunctivitis
Cause: Viruses (often the same ones causing colds).
Symptoms: Watery discharge, redness, often starts in one eye and spreads to the other.
Contagious: Highly contagious, spreads through touch or respiratory droplets.
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Cause: Bacteria like Staphylococcus or Streptococcus.
Symptoms: Thick, sticky discharge, redness, crusty eyelids in the morning.
Contagious: Spreads through direct contact with infected eye secretions.
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis
Cause: Pollen, dust, pet dander, or other allergens.
Symptoms: Itching, redness, watery eyes, often occurs with sneezing or a runny nose.
Not contagious.
4. Irritant Conjunctivitis
Cause: Smoke, chlorine (from swimming pools), or chemical exposure.
Symptoms: Redness, irritation, watery eyes.
Not contagious.
How Does Conjunctivitis Affect Your Health?
Most cases of conjunctivitis are mild and resolve on their own within a week or two. However:
Bacterial conjunctivitis may need antibiotic eye drops.
Viral conjunctivitis usually clears up without treatment but can be highly contagious.
Allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamines or avoiding allergens.
Complications are rare but may include:
Severe eye pain or vision changes (seek medical help immediately).
Spread of infection (especially in bacterial cases).
Chronic redness or irritation if left untreated.
Tips for Managing Conjunctivitis
1. Hygiene Practices (For Infectious Types)
Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.
Use a clean towel and pillowcase daily.
Do not share eye makeup, towels, or contact lenses.
2. Home Care for Relief
Cold compress (for allergic or viral cases) to reduce swelling.
Warm compress (for bacterial cases) to loosen crusts.
Artificial tears (lubricating eye drops) to soothe dryness.
3. Avoid Triggers (For Allergic Conjunctivitis)
Stay indoors during high pollen days.
Use air purifiers to reduce dust and pet dander.
Wear sunglasses to protect from irritants.
When to See a Doctor
Consult an eye specialist if:
Your symptoms worsen or last more than a week.
There is severe pain, vision changes, or sensitivity to light.
Discharge is thick and yellow/green (possible bacterial infection).
Final Thoughts
Conjunctivitis is common and usually harmless, but knowing the symptoms helps in early management. Simple hygiene and home care can speed up recovery, but if symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to seek medical help.
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Doctor's speciality: Ophthalmology
Text: Consult a Top Eye Specialist for the best advice
