Types of Anemia During Pregnancy
Anemia is common during pregnancy and can affect both mother and baby. Learn about the different types—iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency—their symptoms, causes, and how to manage them for a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it also brings many changes to a woman’s body. One common concern during this time is anemia, a condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to tissues. Anemia during pregnancy can affect both the mother and the baby, so it’s important to understand the different types, their causes, symptoms, and how to manage them.
In this article, we’ll explore the types of anemia during pregnancy, their symptoms, and simple ways to stay healthy.
What is Anemia During Pregnancy?
Anemia occurs when your blood doesn’t have enough hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen). During pregnancy, your body produces more blood to support your growing baby. If you don’t have enough iron, folate, or vitamin B12, your body can’t make sufficient hemoglobin, leading to anemia.
Mild anemia is common in pregnancy, but severe anemia can cause complications like premature birth, low birth weight, or fatigue in the mother.
Different Types of Anemia During Pregnancy
There are three main types of anemia that pregnant women may experience:
1. Iron-Deficiency Anemia
This is the most common type of anemia during pregnancy. It happens when the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin.
Causes:
- Increased blood volume during pregnancy
- Not eating enough iron-rich foods
- Heavy periods before pregnancy
- Multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets)
Symptoms:
- Extreme tiredness
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Cold hands and feet
2. Folate-Deficiency Anemia
Folate (vitamin B9) is essential for making red blood cells. A lack of folate can lead to anemia and even neural tube defects in the baby.
Causes:
- Poor diet (not enough leafy greens, beans, or citrus fruits)
- Alcohol consumption (interferes with folate absorption)
- Certain medications
Symptoms:
- Weakness
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Sore tongue
3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Vitamin B12 helps in red blood cell formation. Some women can’t absorb enough B12, leading to anemia.
Causes:
- Vegetarian or vegan diet (B12 is mostly found in animal products)
- Digestive disorders (like Crohn’s disease)
- Pernicious anemia (a condition where the body can’t absorb B12)
Symptoms:
- Numbness or tingling in hands/feet
- Muscle weakness
- Memory problems
- Balance issues
How Does Anemia Affect Pregnancy?
If left untreated, anemia can cause:
- Premature birth (baby born too early)
- Low birth weight (baby weighs less than 5.5 pounds)
- Increased fatigue for the mother
- Higher risk of infections
- Postpartum depression
The good news? Anemia can be managed with proper diet, supplements, and medical care.
How to Prevent and Manage Anemia During Pregnancy?
1. Eat Iron-Rich Foods
Include these in your diet:
- Leafy greens (spinach, kale)
- Lean meats (chicken, turkey)
- Beans & lentils
- Fortified cereals
- Nuts & seeds
Tip: Pair iron-rich foods with vitamin C (oranges, tomatoes) to boost absorption.
2. Take Prenatal Vitamins
Most prenatal vitamins contain iron, folate, and B12. Take them as prescribed by your doctor.
3. Get Regular Blood Tests
Your doctor may check your hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. If you’re anemic, they may recommend iron supplements.
4. Avoid Tea/Coffee with Meals
These drinks can block iron absorption. Have them 1-2 hours before or after meals.
5. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water to help your body produce healthy blood cells.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
- Extreme fatigue
- Frequent dizziness
- Pale skin or rapid heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
Consult your doctor immediately. They may suggest:
- Blood tests to confirm anemia
- Iron or vitamin supplements
- Dietary changes
If needed, you can book a consultation or blood test through Apollo 24|7 for quick and easy healthcare support.
Conclusion
Anemia during pregnancy is common but manageable. By eating a balanced diet, taking prenatal vitamins, and getting regular check-ups, you can keep yourself and your baby healthy.
If you suspect anemia, don’t ignore the symptoms—early detection and treatment make a big difference.
Need expert advice?
- Book a consultation with an Apollo doctor today!
- Visit Apollo 24|7 for easy online appointments.
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Dr. Avinash Pasuparthy
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Visakhapatnam
Apollo Clinic Vizag, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Pankaj Tripathi
General Practitioner
20 Years • MBBS, MD Pathology
Lucknow
Best Diabetologist Clinic, Lucknow
Dr Bhargav Vuppumalla
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS MD GENERAL MEDICINE
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
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2 Years • MBBS
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