Prolactin Test and Its Interpretation
Understand the prolactin test, its purpose, procedure, and interpretation. Learn how prolactin levels affect reproductive health and possible causes of abnormalities.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 27th Aug, 2025
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Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. While it is primarily associated with milk production in breastfeeding women, it also plays a role in various bodily functions for both men and women. A prolactin test measures the level of this hormone in the blood and helps diagnose conditions related to hormonal imbalances.
If you or your doctor suspect an issue with prolactin levels, this simple blood test can provide valuable insights. In this article, we’ll explain what the prolactin test is, why it’s done, how to interpret the results, and what steps you can take if your levels are abnormal.
Why is a Prolactin Test Done?
Doctors recommend a prolactin test for several reasons, including:
1. Evaluating Fertility Issues – High prolactin levels can interfere with ovulation in women and sperm production in men, leading to infertility.
2. Investigating Menstrual Irregularities – Women with high prolactin may experience irregular or absent periods.
3. Diagnosing Pituitary Disorders – A tumor in the pituitary gland (prolactinoma) can cause excessive prolactin secretion.
4. Assessing Unexplained Milk Production (Galactorrhea) – This condition can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, and sometimes even in men.
5. Monitoring Medication Effects – Certain drugs (like antidepressants, antipsychotics, or blood pressure medications) can raise prolactin levels.
If you’re experiencing symptoms like headaches, vision problems, unexplained breast milk discharge, or reproductive issues, your doctor may suggest this test.
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How is the Prolactin Test Performed?
The prolactin test is a simple blood test, similar to other routine blood work. Here’s what you can expect:
Preparation:
- Prolactin levels fluctuate throughout the day, so the test is usually done in the morning (preferably 2-3 hours after waking).
- Avoid stress, heavy exercise, or nipple stimulation before the test, as these can temporarily increase prolactin levels.
- Fasting is not always required, but follow your doctor’s instructions.
Procedure:
- A healthcare professional will draw blood from a vein in your arm.
- The sample is sent to a lab for analysis.
Results:
- Typically available within a few days.
- Your doctor will interpret the results based on your symptoms and medical history.
Understanding Prolactin Test Results
Prolactin levels are measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Normal ranges vary slightly between labs but generally fall within these guidelines:
| Group | Normal Range (ng/mL |
| Non-Pregnant Women | 5 - 25 ng/mL |
| Pregnant Women | 10 - 209 ng/mL |
| Men | 2 - 18 ng/mL |
What Do Abnormal Levels Mean?
- Below are indications of abnormal levels,
- High Prolactin (Hyperprolactinemia)
Causes:
- Prolactinoma (a benign pituitary tumor).
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Certain medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids).
- Stress, excessive exercise, or nipple stimulation.
Symptoms in Women:
- Irregular or absent periods.
- Unexplained milk production.
- Vaginal dryness, low libido.
Symptoms in Men:
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Low sperm count.
- Breast enlargement (gynecomastia).
Low Prolactin (Hypoprolactinemia)
Low prolactin is rare but may occur due to:
- Pituitary gland damage.
- Certain medications (like dopamine agonists).
Low prolactin usually doesn’t cause major issues except in breastfeeding women, where it may reduce milk supply.
What to Do If Your Prolactin Levels Are Abnormal?
If your test shows high or low prolactin, don’t panic. Your doctor will guide you based on the underlying cause.
1. For High Prolactin:
- Medication: Dopamine agonists (like cabergoline or bromocriptine) can lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary tumors.
- Thyroid Check: If hypothyroidism is the cause, thyroid hormone therapy may help.
- Lifestyle Changes: Reducing stress, avoiding tight clothing that stimulates the nipples, and adjusting medications (if possible) can help.
2. For Low Prolactin:
- Treatment is rarely needed unless it affects breastfeeding.
3. Follow-Up Tests:
- MRI of the pituitary gland (if a tumor is suspected).
- Additional hormone tests (thyroid, testosterone, estrogen).
Member priceWhen to Consult a Doctor?
Seek medical advice if you experience:
- Unexplained milk discharge.
- Irregular or missed periods.
- Fertility problems.
- Persistent headaches or vision changes.
If you need a prolactin test or further evaluation, you can book a consultation or lab test easily through Apollo 24|7. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage hormonal imbalances effectively.
Final Thoughts
The prolactin test is a simple yet powerful tool to assess hormonal health. Whether you're dealing with unexplained symptoms or fertility concerns, understanding your prolactin levels can help you and your doctor take the right steps toward better health. If you suspect a hormonal imbalance, don’t hesitate to get tested. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most prolactin-related conditions can be managed successfully.
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Dr. Amitava Ray
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
20 Years • MBBS, DNB (Family Med.), PGDHHM, FRSTM&H. Certificate in Geriatric medicine & Diabetes Management.
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(600+ Patients)
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Sunil Nigam
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
48 Years • MBBS, MD ( General Medicine)
New Delhi
VIVA VISION, New Delhi
Dr. Karan Goel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, MD (Paediatrics)
Kolkata
Little Steps Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Kiran Macha
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
21 Years • MBBS,MD General Medicine
HYDERABAD
Sri Clinic, HYDERABAD
(100+ Patients)
Consult a Top Specialist
Dr. Amitava Ray
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
20 Years • MBBS, DNB (Family Med.), PGDHHM, FRSTM&H. Certificate in Geriatric medicine & Diabetes Management.
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(600+ Patients)
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Sunil Nigam
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
48 Years • MBBS, MD ( General Medicine)
New Delhi
VIVA VISION, New Delhi
Dr. Karan Goel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, MD (Paediatrics)
Kolkata
Little Steps Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Kiran Macha
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
21 Years • MBBS,MD General Medicine
HYDERABAD
Sri Clinic, HYDERABAD
(100+ Patients)
