Symptoms and Side Effects of Lead Poisoning
Know about lead poisoning, common symptoms, long-term side effects and how to prevent lead poisoning.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 29th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Lead poisoning is a serious health concern that can affect people of all ages, especially children. Lead is a toxic metal that can accumulate in the body over time, causing various health problems. Since lead poisoning often develops slowly, many people may not realise they’ve been exposed until symptoms become severe.
In this article, we’ll discuss the common symptoms, side effects, and ways to protect yourself and your loved ones from lead poisoning.
What is Lead Poisoning?
Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, usually over months or years. Even small amounts of lead can be harmful, especially for children, as their growing bodies absorb lead more easily.
Lead exposure can happen through:
- Contaminated water (from old lead pipes)
- Lead-based paint (common in older homes)
- Dust or soil contaminated with lead
- Certain jobs (battery manufacturing, construction, painting)
- Imported toys, cosmetics, or pottery with lead
Since lead has no smell or taste, many people don’t realise they’ve been exposed until symptoms appear.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Common Symptoms of Lead Poisoning
Lead poisoning symptoms vary depending on age and exposure levels. Some people may not show symptoms right away, while others experience severe effects.
Symptoms in Children
Children are at higher risk because their bodies absorb lead more easily.
Symptoms may include:
- Learning difficulties (trouble focusing, poor memory)
- Developmental delays (slower growth, speech problems)
- Irritability or mood swings
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Fatigue or sluggishness
- Abdominal pain and vomiting
- Hearing loss
- Seizures (in severe cases)
Symptoms in Adults
Adults exposed to lead may experience:
- High blood pressure
- Joint and muscle pain
- Headaches and memory problems
- Mood disorders (depression, anxiety)
- Reduced sperm count (in men)
- Miscarriages or premature births (in pregnant women)
- Digestive issues (stomach pain, constipation)
Long-Term Side Effects of Lead Poisoning
If left untreated, lead poisoning can cause lasting damage, including:
- Brain and nervous system damage (leading to learning disabilities in children)
- Kidney damage (reduced kidney function over time)
- Anaemia (low red blood cell count)
- Reproductive problems (fertility issues in both men and women)
- Increased risk of heart disease (due to high blood pressure)
Children with prolonged lead exposure may suffer from lifelong cognitive and behavioural challenges.
How to Prevent Lead Poisoning?
Lead poisoning is preventable. Here are some steps you can take:
1. Check Your Home for Lead
If your home was built before 1978, get it tested for lead-based paint.
- Use only certified lead-free contractors for renovations.
- Regularly clean floors and windowsills to remove lead dust.
2. Test Your Water
- If you have old plumbing, test your water for lead.
- Use cold water for drinking and cooking, as hot water may contain more lead.
3. Eat a Healthy Diet
- Foods rich in iron, calcium, and vitamin C can help reduce lead absorption.
- Include leafy greens, dairy, beans, and citrus fruits in your diet.
4. Be Cautious with Imported Items
- Avoid toys, cosmetics, or pottery from unknown sources that may contain lead.
5. Get Regular Blood Tests (Especially for Children)
- If you suspect lead exposure, ask your doctor for a blood lead level test.
When to See a Doctor?
If you or your child experiences symptoms of lead poisoning, consult a doctor immediately. Early detection can prevent serious complications.
Final Thoughts
Lead poisoning is a silent but dangerous condition that can affect anyone, especially children. By being aware of the symptoms and taking preventive measures, you can protect yourself and your family.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Bulbul Biswas
General Practitioner
35 Years • MBBS, Diploma in Maternity and child welfare
Kolkata
HERSTEL CARE CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Naresh
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Chittoor
Dr. Naresh Clinic, Chittoor
Dr. Riti Srivastava
General Practitioner
12 Years • MD (Physician)
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Shri Krishna Clinic, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Dr Syed Mizra M
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Bulbul Biswas
General Practitioner
35 Years • MBBS, Diploma in Maternity and child welfare
Kolkata
HERSTEL CARE CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Naresh
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Chittoor
Dr. Naresh Clinic, Chittoor
Dr. Riti Srivastava
General Practitioner
12 Years • MD (Physician)
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Shri Krishna Clinic, Gautam Buddha Nagar
Dr Syed Mizra M
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
