Understanding Sjogren's Syndrome and Its Symptoms
Understand Sjogren's Syndrome, its causes, common symptoms like dry eyes and mouth, and how it affects daily life. Get insights on diagnosis, treatment, and living with this autoimmune disorder.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Living with persistent dryness in your eyes and mouth can be frustrating and uncomfortable. If you’ve been experiencing these symptoms, you might be wondering if there’s an underlying cause. One possibility is Sjogren’s Syndrome, a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects moisture-producing glands in the body.
In this article, we’ll help you understand what Sjogren’s Syndrome is, its symptoms, causes, and how you can manage it effectively.
What is Sjogren’s Syndrome?
Sjogren’s Syndrome is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands, primarily the salivary glands (which produce saliva) and the tear glands (which produce tears). This leads to symptoms like dry eyes and dry mouth.
While it most commonly affects women over the age of 40, it can occur in anyone, including men and younger adults. Sjogren’s can also occur alongside other autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Common Symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome
The symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome can vary from person to person, but the most common ones include:
1. Dry Eyes
A gritty or burning sensation in the eyes
Redness and irritation
Blurred vision
Sensitivity to light
2. Dry Mouth
Difficulty swallowing or speaking
A sticky feeling in the mouth
Frequent thirst
Increased dental cavities (due to lack of saliva protecting teeth)
3. Other Symptoms
Joint pain and stiffness (similar to arthritis)
Dry skin or rashes
Persistent dry cough
Fatigue and tiredness
Swollen salivary glands (especially near the jaw)
In some cases, Sjogren’s can also affect other parts of the body, leading to complications like vaginal dryness, nerve problems, or lung and kidney issues.
What Causes Sjogren’s Syndrome?
The exact cause of Sjogren’s Syndrome is still unknown, but researchers believe it results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.
Autoimmune Response: The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the glands that produce tears and saliva.
Genetics: Some people may have a genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases.
Viral Infections: Certain infections may trigger the condition in susceptible individuals.
Hormonal Factors: Since women are more commonly affected, hormones may play a role.
How is Sjogren’s Syndrome Diagnosed?
Diagnosing Sjogren’s Syndrome can be tricky because its symptoms overlap with many other conditions. Doctors usually use a combination of:
Medical history and symptom evaluation
Blood tests (to check for autoimmune markers)
Eye tests (like the Schirmer’s test to measure tear production)
Salivary gland tests (such as a biopsy or imaging scans)
If you suspect you have Sjogren’s Syndrome, it’s important to consult a rheumatologist or an ophthalmologist for proper evaluation.
Consult Top Specialists
Managing Sjogren’s Syndrome: Tips for Relief
While there’s no cure for Sjogren’s Syndrome, several treatments and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms effectively.
1. For Dry Eyes
Use artificial tears (eye drops) regularly.
Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect from wind and sunlight.
Use a humidifier at home to add moisture to the air.
Avoid prolonged screen time; take breaks to rest your eyes.
2. For Dry Mouth
Sip water frequently throughout the day.
Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free candies to stimulate saliva.
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking, as they worsen dryness.
Use moisturising mouth sprays or gels recommended by your dentist.
3. General Lifestyle Tips
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Eat a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseeds) to reduce inflammation.
Practice good oral hygiene to prevent cavities and gum disease.
Exercise regularly to maintain joint flexibility and overall health.
4. Medical Treatments
Prescription medications (like pilocarpine or cevimeline) to stimulate saliva and tear production.
Anti-inflammatory drugs for joint pain.
Immunosuppressants in severe cases to control immune system activity.
When to See a Doctor?
If you’re experiencing persistent dryness in your eyes and mouth, along with fatigue or joint pain, it’s best to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications like dental decay, eye infections, or systemic inflammation.
At Apollo 24|7, you can book a consultation with a specialist who can guide you through diagnosis and treatment options.
Conclusion
Living with Sjogren’s Syndrome can be challenging, but with the right care and lifestyle adjustments, you can manage symptoms effectively and maintain a good quality of life. If you suspect you may have this condition, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Remember, you’re not alone—many people live well with Sjogren’s by staying informed and proactive about their health. Book a consultation with a specialist today on Apollo 24|7 and take the first step toward better health!
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
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16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
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Dr P Sai Avinash
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Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
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2 Years • MBBS
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PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
