Diabetic Ketoacidosis Overview
Know about diabetic ketoacidosis, what it is, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention tips for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Living with diabetes can be challenging, and sometimes, complications like Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) can arise. If you or a loved one has diabetes, understanding DKA is crucial to prevent serious health risks. This article will explain what DKA is, its symptoms, causes, and how to manage it effectively.
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough insulin to process glucose (sugar) for energy. Instead, your body starts breaking down fat for fuel, producing ketones as a byproduct. When ketones build up in the blood, they make it acidic, leading to DKA.
DKA is most common in people with Type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in those with Type 2 diabetes, especially during severe illness or infection. If left untreated, DKA can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
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Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Recognising the early signs of DKA can help you seek treatment before it becomes severe. Common symptoms include:
• Excessive thirst and dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Weakness or fatigue
• Fruity-smelling breath (due to ketones)
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
If you experience these symptoms, check your blood sugar and ketone levels immediately. If ketones are high, seek medical help right away.
What Causes DKA?
Several factors can trigger DKA, including:
1. Missed Insulin Doses – Skipping insulin injections or not taking enough insulin can lead to high blood sugar and ketone buildup.
2. Illness or Infection – Infections (like urinary tract infections or pneumonia) increase stress hormones, raising blood sugar levels.
3. Undiagnosed Diabetes – Some people discover they have diabetes only after experiencing DKA.
4. Heart Attack or Stroke – These conditions can disrupt insulin function.
5. Certain Medications – Some drugs (like steroids) can interfere with insulin.
6. Alcohol or Drug Abuse – These can affect blood sugar control.
How is DKA Diagnosed?
If you suspect DKA, a doctor will perform:
• Blood tests (to check glucose, ketones, and acid levels)
• Urine tests (to detect ketones)
• Electrolyte tests (to monitor potassium and sodium levels)
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications like organ failure or coma.
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Treatment for DKA
DKA requires hospital treatment, which usually includes:
• Fluid Replacement – To combat dehydration.
• Insulin Therapy – To lower blood sugar and stop ketone production.
• Electrolyte Correction – To restore potassium and sodium balance.
Once stabilised, your doctor will help adjust your diabetes management plan to prevent future episodes.
How to Prevent DKA?
Preventing DKA involves careful diabetes management:
• Monitor Blood Sugar Regularly – Check levels frequently, especially when sick.
• Take Insulin as Prescribed – Never skip doses.
• Stay Hydrated – Drink plenty of water to flush out excess sugar.
• Test for Ketones – If blood sugar is above 240 mg/dL, check ketones.
• Manage Illness Promptly – If sick, follow a "sick day plan" from your doctor.
• Avoid Alcohol & Drugs – They can worsen blood sugar control.
When to Seek Emergency Help?
Call a doctor or go to the ER if:
1. Blood sugar stays above 300 mg/dL despite insulin.
2. You have moderate to high ketones in urine.
3. You experience vomiting, confusion, or difficulty breathing.
Final Thoughts
Diabetic Ketoacidosis is a serious but preventable condition. By managing diabetes carefully, staying alert to symptoms, and seeking prompt treatment, you can avoid complications.
If you have concerns about DKA or need help managing diabetes, Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and lab tests to keep your health on track.
Consult the Best Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
Consult the Best Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
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Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
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Dr. Nithin Reddy Modhugu
Endocrinologist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DNB (Endocrinology)
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(100+ Patients)
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4 Years • Suggested Qualifictaion- MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine), DM (ENDOCRINOLOGY)
Nellore
Narayana hospital, Nellore
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25 Years • MBBS, MD, DM(Endocrinology), MRCP (Endocrinology)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
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