Bone Diseases and Fractures Overview
Learn about common bone diseases and fractures, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Discover ways to maintain strong bones and prevent injuries.
Written by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 13th Jan, 2026
Introduction
Bones are the framework of our body, providing structure, protecting organs, and enabling movement. However, like any other part of the body, bones can be affected by diseases or injuries, leading to pain, weakness, and fractures. If you or a loved one is dealing with bone-related issues, this guide will help you understand common bone diseases, fractures, and ways to manage them effectively.
Common Bone Diseases
Bones play a vital role in our overall health, but they can be affected by various conditions. Here are some common bone diseases:
1. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. It often develops silently, with no symptoms until a bone breaks.
Causes:
- Ageing (especially in women after menopause)
- Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
- Lack of physical activity
- Smoking and excessive alcohol
Symptoms:
- Back pain (due to spinal fractures)
- Loss of height over time
- Frequent fractures (especially in the hip, wrist, or spine)
Management:
- Eat calcium-rich foods (milk, cheese, leafy greens).
- Get enough vitamin D (sunlight, eggs, fish).
- Exercise regularly (walking, weight training).
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
2. Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where the protective cartilage wears down, causing pain and stiffness.
Causes:
- Ageing
- Joint overuse or injury
- Obesity (extra weight stresses joints)
Symptoms:
- Joint pain and stiffness
- Swelling around joints
- Reduced flexibility
Management:
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Low-impact exercises (swimming, yoga).
- Pain relief medications (as prescribed by a doctor).
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
RA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Symptoms:
- Pain, swelling, and stiffness in multiple joints
- Fatigue and fever
- Joint deformities over time
Management:
- Early treatment with medications to slow disease progression.
- Physical therapy to maintain joint function.
4. Paget’s Disease of Bone
This disorder disrupts bone renewal, leading to weak, misshapen bones.
Symptoms:
- Bone pain
- Frequent fractures
- Enlarged or deformed bones
Management:
- Medications to regulate bone growth.
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Consult an Orthopaedic Surgeon for the best advice
Understanding Fractures
A fracture is a break in the bone, which can happen due to injury, trauma, or weakened bones (as in osteoporosis).
Types of Fractures
Common types of fractures include:
1. Closed (Simple) Fracture – Bone breaks but does not pierce the skin.
2. Open (Compound) Fracture – Bone breaks through the skin, increasing infection risk.
3. Hairline Fracture – A small crack in the bone.
4. Greenstick Fracture – Common in children; bone bends and cracks but doesn’t break completely.
Symptoms of a Fracture
Recognizing a fracture early can help prevent further injury. Here are the common symptoms of a fracture:
- Severe pain
- Swelling and bruising
- Difficulty moving the injured area
- Visible deformity
What to Do If You Suspect a Fracture?
If you suspect a fracture:
- Don’t move the injured area – Immobilize it with a splint.
- Apply ice – To reduce swelling.
- Seek medical help immediately – An X-ray will confirm the fracture.
Recovery & Prevention
Proper care and healthy habits can aid healing and reduce future risk. Here are ways to promote recovery:
- Follow doctor’s advice (rest, cast, or surgery if needed).
- Eat protein, calcium, and vitamin D-rich foods for healing.
- Avoid smoking (slows bone repair).
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if you:
- Have persistent bone or joint pain.
- Experience frequent fractures.
- Notice unexplained swelling or deformity in bones/joints.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications. You can book a consultation or schedule a bone density test through Apollo 24|7 for expert care.
Final Thoughts
Bone diseases and fractures can impact daily life, but with proper care, diet, and medical support, you can maintain strong bones and recover well. Stay active, eat right, and don’t ignore persistent pain; your bones deserve the best care!
Consult an Orthopaedic Surgeon for the best advice
Consult an Orthopaedic Surgeon for the best advice
Dr. Sharif Dudekula
Orthopaedician
12 Years • MBBS, MS Orthopaedics ( PGIMER , Chandigarh ) Former Orthopaedic Surgeon ( AIIMS , New Delhi )
Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals CBD Belapur, Mumbai
Dr. M N Amarnath
Orthopaedician
10 Years • MBBS,MS(Ortho, NIMS,Hyd) Fellowship in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery(Seoul, S.Korea) Fellowship in Arthroscopy and Sports Injury Fellowship in Joint Replacement Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hyderguda
Apollo Hospitals Hyderguda, Hyderguda
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Gopinath Kattamuri
Orthopaedician
14 Years • MBBS, MS Ortho, Mch Ortho
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals D R D O kanchanbagh, Hyderabad
Dr. M Sasidhar Reddy
Orthopaedician
10 Years • MS (ORTHO)
Nellore
Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Nellore
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Chander Shekhar
Orthopaedician
30 Years • MBBS, MS
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Consult an Orthopaedic Surgeon for the best advice
Dr. Sharif Dudekula
Orthopaedician
12 Years • MBBS, MS Orthopaedics ( PGIMER , Chandigarh ) Former Orthopaedic Surgeon ( AIIMS , New Delhi )
Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals CBD Belapur, Mumbai
Dr. M N Amarnath
Orthopaedician
10 Years • MBBS,MS(Ortho, NIMS,Hyd) Fellowship in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery(Seoul, S.Korea) Fellowship in Arthroscopy and Sports Injury Fellowship in Joint Replacement Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Hyderguda
Apollo Hospitals Hyderguda, Hyderguda
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Gopinath Kattamuri
Orthopaedician
14 Years • MBBS, MS Ortho, Mch Ortho
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals D R D O kanchanbagh, Hyderabad
Dr. M Sasidhar Reddy
Orthopaedician
10 Years • MS (ORTHO)
Nellore
Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Nellore
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Chander Shekhar
Orthopaedician
30 Years • MBBS, MS
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
